Preamble of the Indian Constitution
Definition
The Preamble is the introductory statement of the Indian Constitution. It encapsulates its philosophy, values, and objectives. It serves as a guiding principle for the Constitution’s interpretation.
Original Preamble (1949)
“We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Democratic Republic and to secure to all its citizens:
- Justice: Social, economic, and political;
- Liberty: Of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship;
- Equality: Of status and opportunity;
and to promote among them all
- Fraternity: Assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity of the Nation;
In our Constituent Assembly, this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do hereby adopt, enact, and give to ourselves this Constitution.”
Preamble After the 42nd Amendment (1976)
“We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and to secure to all its citizens:
- Justice: Social, economic, and political;
- Liberty: Of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship;
- Equality: Of status and opportunity;
and to promote among them all
- Fraternity: Assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;
In our Constituent Assembly, this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do hereby adopt, enact, and give to ourselves this Constitution.”
Key Features of the Preamble
- “We, the People of India”: Denotes popular sovereignty.
- Nature of the Indian State:
- Sovereign: Independent authority.
- Socialist: Added by the 42nd Amendment, reflects socio-economic equality.
- Secular: Added by the 42nd Amendment, ensures religious freedom and equality.
- Democratic: People elect their representatives.
- Republic: The Head of State is elected, not hereditary.
- Objectives: Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.
- Amendability: The Preamble can be amended, but its basic structure cannot be altered (Kesavananda Bharati Case, 1973).
Comparison: Original vs. Amended Preamble
| Aspect | Original (1949) | After 42nd Amendment (1976) |
|---|---|---|
| Socialist | Not mentioned | Included |
| Secular | Not mentioned | Included |
| Integrity | Not mentioned | Included (“Unity and Integrity”) |