- “We, the People of India”: India is a democratic nation, and its Constitution is for and by its people.Denotes popular sovereignty.
- Nature of the Indian State:
- Sovereign: India is independent and free to manage its intern al and external affairs.
- Socialist: Added by the 42nd Amendment, Refers to a system where resources like land, capital, and property are publicly owned or controlled, ensuring equitable distribution and balance in society.
- Secular: Added by the 42nd Amendment, Article 25-28 ensures religious freedom and equality.
- Democratic: The government is elected by the people as
- their representatives
- Republic: The Head of State is elected, not hereditary.
- Objectives: Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.
- Amendability: The Preamble can be amended, but its basic structure cannot be altered (Kesavananda Bharati Case, 1973).
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